Fan Zhongyan: “The First Person” in the Prosperity of Academy and Teaching in the Song Dynasty
Author: Zhang Heng
Source: “Study Times”
Time: Confucius Jihai on the 20th day of the first lunar month in the year 2573
Jesus February 10, 2023
Historian Qian Muchang said: “The spirit of Song Dynasty learning has two ends: one is to reform political decrees, and the other is to create a clear understanding of the classics, and the spirit lies in the academies.” The academies carry the Song people’s feelings of continuing the Taoist tradition, rebuilding the academic tradition, and clearing up the political tradition. with tasks. The rise of academies in the Song Dynasty, as stated in the History of the Song Dynasty, began when Yan Shu invited Fan Zhongyan to take charge of Yingtian Academy. Fan Zhongyan not only shaped Yingtian Academy into a model for academies across the country, but also advocated the establishment of local schools and promoted education reform. His teaching Jamaica Sugar The talents who guided and supported may have founded academies in Qilu and pioneered Neo-Confucianism, or they may have innovated teaching methods in Suhu and pioneered the disciplines. It has deeply influenced China’s modern education system for hundreds of years. Forward-looking educational thoughts and practices made Fan Zhongyan the “first person” in the development of academies and education in the Song Dynasty.
Zhang Xue Yingtian: Advocating the enlightenment of Taoism and creating a model for the academy
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In the late Song Dynasty and early Yuan Dynasty, Mou Gao’s “Yi Xue Ji” stated: “In the Song Dynasty, there were four academies in the country, led by Yingtianfu Academy.” Yingtian Academy became the whole nation Jamaica Sugar Daddy Fan Zhongyan has made great contributions in the process of making the National Academy of Sciences a model. From studying here to mastering it here, Fan Zhongyan and Yingtian Academy wrote a story about each other’s achievements Jamaica Sugar Daddy.
In 1011 AD, 22-year-old Fan Zhongyan bid farewell to his hometown of Zizhou Changshan (now Zouping, Shandong) and went to Yingtian Mansion (now Shangqiu, Henan) to study at Yingtian Academy. This private school, which was founded in the Jin Dynasty after the Five Dynasties, opened its doors to collect books, enrolled students and resumed school just two years ago, and was awarded a plaque from the imperial court. Fan Zhongyan, whose stepfather “brought him up and taught him diligently”, left behind good stories about his hard study when he was young, such as “breaking porridge and breaking the bones” and “night rain on the desk”. Now he cherishes the opportunity to study hard, “day and night.” “In the winter, the moon is very tired, so I use water to fertilize the noodles; I don’t have enough food, and then I use rice porridge, and I can’t bear it. It’s not bitter when I’m drowning.” Finally, I reached the “Da Tong Liu Jing” and was promoted to Jinshi four years later. , began official life.
Ten years later, Fan Zhongyan came to Yingtian Academy again. This time heChanged ingredients. In 1026 AD, Fan Zhongyan and Ding’s mother were worried about living in Yingtian, so they were invited by Yan Shu, the then prefect, to take charge of Yingtian Academy. JM Escorts‘s “Nanjing Academy TitleJamaica Sugar Daddy” Records” (Yingtianfu was promoted to Nanjing in 1014, Yingtian Academy was also called Nanjing Academy) which concentratedly reflected Fan Zhongyan Teaching and transformation thinking and practice: teaching theory Jamaica Sugar pays equal attention to reciting scriptures and texts, advocating talking about scriptures and chanting and thinking above texts. The classics are used to clarify the Tao, and the literature is used to understand the principles; the teaching content is comprehensive, advocating understanding the gods of “Yi”, gaining the ethos of “Poetry”, understanding the method of praise and criticism of “Children”, understanding the feelings of ritual and music production, and good words. The book of the three emperors and the theories of nine schools of thought; the teaching goal is not only to train academic officials, but also to cultivate ministers who are “concerned about the world” and rural teachers who are “able to enjoy the teachings of their predecessors”; Strict rules are established in the teaching system, “students in night classes all have time to study, sleep and eat.” Fan Zhongyan “always stays in school, disciplines and supervises according to the rules, is diligent and respectful, and leads by example.” Students must answer questions first to accurately grasp the difficulty and consequences. For a time, scholars gathered. The academy cultivated a large number of capable ministers and Confucian scholars. “In the Song Dynasty, many people who were famous in the court and court for their literature were taught by him.” In 1043 AD, the academy was promoted to the Imperial Academy, and was built and abandoned many times. In 2003, the reconstruction of the old site was started.
Before and after studying at Yingtian Academy JM Escorts, Fan Zhongyan’s educational thoughts continued to mature , behind this is the style of writing, study, examination, and politics at that time. Seeing her happy daughter-in-law, Pei’s mother really felt that God was indeed taking care of her. He not only gave her a good son, but also gave her a rare good thing. daughter-in-law. It’s obvious that she has a lot of insight into her faults. In the “Book of Current Affairs” written in 1025 AD, Fan Zhongyan aimed at the accumulated shortcomings such as “rhetorians do not ask for great talents, and those who understand scriptures do not ask for the main purpose”. Such measures as his advocating scriptures in academies to clarify the Tao and literature to clarify the principles are exactly for this purpose. In 1027 AD, he wrote the “Shang Governing Letter”, which further emphasized careful election and strict teaching, advocating that in the examination, “strategy should be discussed first to observe its general outline, and poetry and poetry should be followed to observe its comprehensive talents” and “preceding the governor’s county and restoring its school” system”. In 1030 AD, he wrote to Yan Shu twice, expounding the systematic teaching ideas of “religious scriptures, encouraging learning, educating students, and benevolent the country”, advocating cultivating the purpose of understanding the classics and practicing the king’s rule.Technical talents. These thoughts were later reflected in the “Qingli New Deal”.
Yin and Qilu: Xingtai Mountain Culai, the pioneer of Neo-Confucianism
According to “Song and Yuan Academic Cases”, “the prosperity of academics in the Song Dynasty, Anning and Taishan were the pioneers of Jamaica Sugar Daddy“, this is not Very accurate. Sun Fu and Shi Jie of the Taishan School and Hu Yuan of the Anning School had a great influence on Song studies, especially Neo-ConfucianismJamaicans Escort, and were known as “Song Dynasty School” Jamaica Sugar” is famous throughout the world, but if you trace back to the source, you can find Fan Zhongyan. It was under Fan Zhongyan’s teaching, support and influence that the two schools of thought were able to rise. The activities of Taishan School mainly rely on Taishan Academy and Chulai Academy.
According to “Dongxuan Records” written by Wei Tai of the Song Dynasty, when Fan Zhongyan was in charge of Yingtian Academy, a Sun Xiucai visited him for two consecutive years to ask for help, and Fan Zhongyan generously donated his money. When I donated money for the second time, I learned that Jamaicans Escort had a mother who needed support at home, so I left her to work in the school and gave her 3,000 yuan a month. . Fan Zhongyan taught Sun Xiucai the study of “Children”, “Sun was devoted to his studies, day and night, and diligent in practice and cultivation. He was loved by the public very much.” Sun Xiucai was Sun Fu, the important founder of the Taishan School. Shi Jie, another founder of the Taishan School, was also taught and promoted by Fan Zhongyan. In 1027 AD, Shi Jie went to Yingtian Academy to study in Yingtian Academy from his hometown Yanzhou (today’s Xintai, Shandong). Fan Zhongyan is in charge of learning. Shi Jie was “a man who was poor and studied hard, and was unparalleled in the world”. He had the perseverance of Fan Zhongyan when he was young. When Wang Du heard about his poverty, he gave him delicious food. Shi Jie Jamaicans Escort was afraid that “you will enjoy the creamy rice in the morning and the rough rice in the evening” and refused to accept it, so you studied hard for three years Jamaicans Sugardaddy a>The late Jinshi failed.
Under the influence of Fan Zhongyan’s thoughts on establishing a school, Shi Jie and Sun Fu, who had failed many scientific examinations, went to Mount Tai in 1035 AD to prepare an academy. In the early days, the academy was relatively simple. Later, a new building was built in the southeast corner of Dai Temple and named Xindao Hall. Dai Temple was expanded and the academy was movedGoing to the foot of Linghan Peak, it was first called TaiJamaicans Sugardaddy Mountain Academy. Shi Jie invited Sun Fu to study and took him as his teacher. He was known as Mr. Sun Fu Taishan. Sun Fu continued his research interests when he studied with Fan Zhongyan, focusing on teaching and researching “Children”. During this period, Shi Jie’s stepmother and father passed away one after another. During his Dingyou period, he founded Cuilai Academy in Cuilai Mountain, a branch of Mount Tai, echoing the Taishan Academy. During this period, Shi Jie mainly taught and researched the study of “Yi”, and was known as Mr. Cu Lai. In 1042 AD, Sun Fu and Shi Jie went to Beijing on the recommendation of Fan Zhongyan and others. In seven or eight years, the two academies were united Jamaica Sugar Daddy The land of Lu has cultivated a large number of talents. Fan Cheng of the Southern Song Dynasty once named Culai Academy, together with Jinshan, Yuelu, Shigu and other academies, the four major academies in the country.
Fan Zhongyan not only indirectly influenced the founding of Taishan and Culai academies and the establishment of Taishan School, but also deeply influenced the academic purposes and style of study of the academies. Fan Zhongyan thoroughly studied the Six Classics and was especially good at the “Yi”, Sun Fu studied “Zhou Yi” intensively and wrote “Zui Zun Wang Fa Wei”, Shi Jie studied “Zhou Yi” intensively and wrote “Yi Jie”, etc., all of them were influenced by his “ancestry”. Influenced by the concept of “Jing”. Fan Zhongyan’s “Zong Jing” is an unscientific annotation. “Jamaica Sugar Preface Jamaica Sugar” refers directly to the three biographies of “Zong Jing” href=”https://jamaica-sugar.com/”>Jamaica Sugar is lacking. Sun Fu’s letter also mentioned Fan Zhongyan’s “disease annotations on the Six Classics”. The Taishan School continued to carry forward the spirit of “confusion and annotation”. For example, Sun Fu interpreted the “age writing method” of “one word for praise and blame” in the traditional “Children” study as “a word for praise and no praise”, and Shi JieJM Escorts also criticized Zheng Xuan’s annotation in “Book of Rites·The Prince of King Wen” that “King Wen lost his life due to worry and diligence”. The shift from focusing on transmission to focusing on principles became the main prelude to the emergence of Neo-Confucianism.
Establishing learning in Jiangsu and Zhejiang: promoting Suhu teaching method Jamaicans Escort, The first to establish separate subjects
Fan Zhongyan not only shaped Yingtian Academy into a model for academies across the country, but also influenced and promoted the prosperity of academies in various places. , and vigorously promoted the establishment of local schools and educational reforms, laying the foundation for China’s local education system for hundreds of years.
In 1034 AD, 45-year-old Fan ZhongYan knew Suzhou because he was “well versed in water management.” This was the hometown of his biological father. The following year, in addition to controlling floods and relieving the poor, Fan Zhongyan petitioned for the establishment of a Suzhou County School and obtained the Nanyuan site to build a school and recruit students. Fan Zhongyan Jamaicans Escort first wrote to his student Sun Fu, inviting him to “lecturing on the classics and teaching talents”, and then strongly invited Sun Fu Classmate Hu Yuan. At this time, Hu Yuan was teaching Confucian classics in Wuzhong. Fan Zhongyan “loved and respected him and hired him as a professor in Suzhou”, and he had many scholars. The following year, Fan Zhongyan deposed the governor of Raozhou (now Poyang, Jiangxi) and moved to Jamaica Sugar Daddy to build the county school of Raozhou. . The next year, Fan Zhongyan moved to Runzhou (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province), established Runzhou County School, and strongly invited Li Gou to teach. In the next year, Fan Zhongyan moved to Yuezhou (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang) and invited Li Gou again. In 1040 AD, Li Gou “went to Yuezhou to go to Fan Gaoping for public recruitment.” Wherever he went, Fan Zhongyan would establish schools and educate people, and strongly invite his students and disciples to teach, which laid the foundation for local education in many places. The establishment of local schools became an important part of the “New Deal” during the Qingli period.
The local schools that Fan Zhongyan founded or led to the establishment are particularly distinctive in Suzhou and Huzhou, probably because the talented person he used, Hu Yuan, innovated the teaching methods in these two places. It is known as “Suhu Teaching” in history. When Hu Yuan’s disciple Liu Yi answered a question from Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty, he summarized Hu Yuan’s teaching philosophy as “the study of enlightenment and practical application”: “The emperor and his ministers, father and son, benevolence, righteousness, etiquette and music, have not changed through the ages, and this is the style.” “Poetry” “Book” is a collection of historical biographies, which can serve as a reference for future generations. His actions can benefit the people and bring them to the throne. Jamaica Sugar , its purpose is “this is similar to Fan Zhongyan’s classics which focus on clarifying the Tao, writing to understand the truth, and applying it to the world.”Jamaica Sugar Zhang is in the same lineage. In terms of specific teaching methods, “Yuan teaches people with methods, has detailed and detailed teachings, and leads by example.” In particular, the two pillars of “establishing classics and meanings” and “governing affairs” have the greatest influence, and “choices of classics and meanings” are the most influential. Those whose minds are clear, have Jamaica Sugar organs, and are capable of doing great things, so that they can explain the “Six Classics” and manage things. Zhai said: “One person manages one thing, and takes care of one thing at the same time, such as governing the people to ensure their livelihood, teaching martial arts to ward off the invaders, weiring water to benefit the fields, and counting calendars to clarify numbers.” This is the first of modern divided teaching.
With Fan Zhongyan’s promotion, “in the fourth year of Qingli, the emperor opened the Tianzhang Pavilion and talked about world affairs with his ministers, and then he generously ordered all prefectures and counties to establish schools.” At the same time, Build Imperial College in the capital,He sent people to Huzhou to take Hu Yuan’s “Suhu Teaching Method” as the Taixue Method, and promoted it to all parts of the country. Although the “Qingli New Deal” soon died, the thoughts and explorations of Fan Zhongyan and his disciples in founding colleges, establishing local schools, reforming education, and changing academic styles have deeply influenced Chinese society for hundreds of years and have become valuable in the history of world education. wealth.
Editor: Jin Fu